Embedded Systems course for Intermediate trainees by EMERGERS Technologies

INTRODUCTION TO C LANGUAGE
History and Generations Of Language
Algorithms and Flow Charts
Why C Language?
Features and Applications Of C Language
C Compilation Model
C Program Models
How To Compile The Program and Run The Program
BASICS OF C LANGUAGE
Identifiers & Rules
Key Words & Constants
Data Types
I/O Functions
Escape Sequences
Operators & Classification of Operators
CONTROL FLOW
Sequential statements
Decision making statements
If
Ifelse
Ifelse ifelse
Switch
Looping statements
For
While
Dowhile
Nested decision making & looping statements
Break, continue & exit
FUNCTIONS
Function Prototype
Types Of Functions
Pass By Value
Pass By Address
Storage Class Specifiers (SCS)
Recursion
ARRAYS
Why Arrays?
Definition and Declaration Of Arrays
Memory Organization Of Arrays
Functions In Arrays
Sorting Techniques
Searching Techniques
STRINGS
What is a String?
Un-Formatted I/O Functions
Definition and Declaration Of Strings
Memory Organizations Of Strings
Functions In Strings
Strings Library
POINTERS
What Is Pointer?
Why Pointers?
Pointer Arithmetic
Relation b/w Pointers and Arrays
Relation b/w Pointers and Strings
Type Casting
Functions Re-Visited Through Pointers
Pointer to an Array
Array of Pointers
Function Pointers
Dynamic Memory Allocation
malloc()
free()
calloc()
realloc()
Command Line Arguments
STRUCTURES AND UNIONS WHY STRUCTURE?
Definition and Declaration of Structures
Memory Organization of Structure
Operations On Structures
Array of Structures
Nested Structures
Functions Revisited In Structures
Self Referential Structure
Typedef , Enumeration
Pre Processor and Macro
FILE HANDLING WHY FILES?
Disk I/O Functions
Opening and Closing of Files
Formatted File I/O Functions
Random Access Of Files
Structure I/O
DATA STRUCTURE
What is Data Structure?
Why Data Structure?
Classifications of Data Structure
Linear
Nonlinear
LINEAR DATA STRUCTURES
Stack
Definition
Operations on Stack
Algorithm to Implement the Stack
Implementation of Stack Using Arrays
Application Of Stacks
Infix
Post fix
Prefix
Evaluation of Postfix Expression
Queues
Definition
Operations on Queues
Algorithm To Implementation Of Queue
Implementation Of Queues Using Arrays
Applications Of Queues
Linked Lists
Definition
Operations on Queues
Algorithm To Implementation Of Queue
Implementation Of Queues Using Arrays
Applications Of Queues
SINGLE LINKED LIST (SLL)
What Is Single Linked List?
Operations on SLL(Algorithm Level)
Insertion
Deletion
Traversal
Searching
Sorting
Modify
Merging
Program Implementation of SLL
Applications
DOUBLE LINKED LIST (DLL)
Why Double Linked List?
Operations on DLL(Algorithm Level)
Insertion
Deletion
Traversal
Searching
Sorting
Modify
INTRODUCTION TO NON-LINEAR DATA STRUCTURES
What is Non- Linear Data Structures
Terminology Of Trees
Definition Of Tree
Binary Trees
Binary Search Tree
Tree Traversals
In Order
Pre Order
Post Order
Operations on Binary Trees
Insertion
Modify
Deletion
Fundamentals of Microprocessors And Microcontrollers
PROGRAMMING LANGUAGES
Assembly Language
Embedded C
DEVELOPMENT TOOLS
Integrated Development Environment
Compilers & Debuggers
HARDWARE
8 Bit Microcontroller Boards
32 Bit Microcontroller Boards
Master Base Board with all the Peripherals
COMMUNICATION PROTOCOLS
Serial Peripheral Interface (SPI)
I2C
REAL TIME OPERATING SYSTEM (RTOS)
Interfacing peripherals to microcontroller
LED
Seven Segment Display o 16x2 LCD display
4x4 Matrix - Keypad
Piezo buzzer (Alarm unit)
ADC
Stepper motor and DCmotor
EEPROM
RTC
Relays
GSM modem
GPS modem
INTERFACING WITH SENSORS:
IR sensor (Object sensor)
PIR sensor (Motion sensor)
LDR (Light sensor)
LM35 (Temperature sensor)
NETWORKING CONCEPTS AND PROTOCOLS
INTRODUCTION:
Introduction to computer Network
Network Hardware
Ethernet, LAN, WAN, MAN, Wireless Network
Switching Mechanism, Media Access methods
NETWORKING MODELS
Layered approach to Networking
Functions to be addressed by protocols
TCP/IP model
Comparison with ISO/OSI model
Physical layer and its functions
Details description of Networking Devices
DATA LINK LAYER (LAYER 2)
Thernet
CSMA/CD
Binary exponential back-off algorithms
MAC Addressing
INTERNET LAYER (LAYER 3)
Internet Addressing
IP addressing & Special IP addresses
Private IP addressing
Sub-Netting & CIDR
ROUTING PROTOCOLS
RIPV1
RIPV2
OSPF
Routing Demonstration
INTERNET LAYER PROTOCOLS
IPV4
ICMP
IGMP
ARP & RARP
IPV6
Header Format
Addressing and Advantages
Transport Layer Protocols
TCP & UDP
Three-way Handshaking, Timers
CLIENT SERVER ARCHITECTURE
Sockets and Socket calls
Disk full and Diskless Machines
APPLICATION LAYER PROTOCOLS
SMTP
FTP & TFTP
SNMP, DHCP
DNS & STUN
OS CONCEPTS
OS Introduction
What is an Operating System?
Operating System Definitions
Parallel /multiprocessor/tightly coupled systems
User interface
PROCESS MANAGEMENT SUBSYSTEM
Objectives of PMS
What is in PCB?
CPU Scheduling
Topics covered
Basic concepts
What is a scheduler
CPU Scheduling
Dispatcher
CPU Scheduler
Scheduling Mechanism
Deadline Scheduling
Inter-process communication
FILE MANAGEMENT SUBSYSTEM
What is FMS
Need of FMS
File Concept
File Structure
What is FS
Need of FS
File system organization
Allocation Methods
Contiguous Allocation
Contiguous Allocation of Disk Space
MEMORY MANAGEMENT SUBSYSTEM
Management
Background
Memory Management Requirements
Memory-Management Unit (MMU)
Logical Organization
Physical Organization
Contiguous Allocation
Fragmentation
Fixed Partitioning
Dynamic Partitioning
Paging
Simple Paging
Address Translation Scheme Logical-to-Physical Address Translation in Paging
Simple Segmentation
Evaluation of Simple Segmentation
Implementation
Address translation in segmentation
UNIX INTRODUCTION
History of UNIX
Why learn UNIX
Main Features of UNIX
Why UNIX is so widely used?
UNIX 0.S Structure
Application layer
The System Call Interface
The UNIX Operating System
UNIX Shells
Purpose of the Shell
File Descriptors
UNIX SHELL PROGRAMMING
Comparing the shell programming with C- programming
Shell Initialization
Exporting Environment Variables
Shell Variables
Special Variables
Embedding Punctuation Mark
Embedding Variable Substitution
Escape Sequences for the echo Command
Arithmetic Substitution
Flow Control
String Comparisons
String Comparison Options for the test Command
Numerical Comparison Operators for the test Command
Operators for Creating Compound Expressions
Loops
Functions
UNIX_FILESYSTEM
File subsystem
Features of Unix file system
Files and directories
Unix file system structure
File attributes
File System Model
Block addressing Scheme
Direct blocks
Single indirect blocks
Screen shot of mount command
DISK I/O : Buffering mechanism
Structure of the buffer pool
Operations on the Buffer
Kernel data structures for files
File descriptor table
File related operations
Creating links for files
Algorithm to redirect standard input
FILE LOCKING
Definition of struck flock. Refer
Pseudo code Write Lock
PROCESS MANAGEMENT
Program and process
Executable program
Process states & transitions
Context of a process
Wait and waitpid
MEMORY MANAGEMENT
Implementation
The concept of paging
Demand paging
Data structures for Demand paging
SIGNALS
Signals
Signal concepts
Signal identification
Conditions that generate signals
Interrupts and signals
PIPE SEMANTICS
Unnamed Pipes
Half duplex one way communication
Two way communication
Differences b/w pipes and files
Fifos - Creating a FIFO
Blocking Actions on a FIFO
SYSTEM V IPCs
SOCKETS
Socket
Connection oriented socket calls ( TCP )
Connectionless socket calls ( UDP )
Byte ordering functions
Connect
Concurrent Server
MULTI-THREADING
What are Pthreads?
Why Pthreads?
The Pthreads API
Terminating Thread Execution
Passing Arguments to Threads
Condition Variables
ADVANCED GDB and GNU MAKE
Variables
Predefined Variables
Automatic variables
Consider the following make file:
GNU Make command options